Neutrinos hardly ever interact with matter because they are neutral and very light. McDonald and Takaaki Kajita for showing that neutrinos do indeed have mass). Neutrinos have no charge and they have an extremely small mass (the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2015 was awarded to Arthur B. The particular type of particle emitted from the nucleus is called a neutrino (In fact, during the beta minus emission an antineutrino is given out, which is the antiparticle of a neutrino). It turns out that there is, in fact, an additional particle that is released, which conserves both energy and momentum of the system. However, according to the laws of conservation of energy and momentum, the emitted electron could only occupy one particular energy if only two particles (the nucleon and the emitted electron) were involved. However, it was found that the emitted electron could have a range of energies during any given type of collision. Scientists investigating the beta minus radiation had known that during beta minus emission, the nucleus emits an electron. James Chadwick discovered that these radiated particles were neutral and decided to call them “neutrons”. Meanwhile, in an experiment where some light nuclei were bombarded with alpha particles, it was discovered that the nucleus radiated some particles that showed better penetration abilities than protons. However, there was an issue with this explanation: the electrons that were coming out of the nucleus did not have as much energy as the model had predicted. During beta minus radiation, electrons appear to come out of the nucleus, and this observation also seemed to support the hypothesis that there are electrons inside the nucleus of an atom. This way, these “paired” protons would still contribute to the mass of the nucleus, but they would not be able to contribute to the charge since their positive charge is effectively “cancelled out” by the negative charges of the electrons. They expected these electrons to be inside the nucleus. In order to explain this discrepancy, most scientists at the time believed that some of the protons in the nucleus are paired with “nuclear electrons”. However, they realized that the mass of the nucleus didn’t tally with how much charge the nucleus had. They had known that protons reside inside the nuclei of atoms. What is a Neutronīy the early 1930s, physicists had already discovered protons and electrons. The main difference between neutrons and neutrinos is that neutrons are made of quarks, whereas neutrinos are a type of fundamental particles that are not made of any other particles. Neutrons and neutrinos are two different types of particles.
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